Advanced Study in Critical Theory of Architecture — How Cities Work, or Don’t, If There Are Such Things as Cities
Contemporary urban theory and studies of the city generally tend to revolve around the examination of issues: inequality (economic, ethnic, gendered); the role of various “-isms” (capitalism, liberalism, neoliberalism, colonialism, etc.); Foucauldian ideas of biopolitics and territory; migration of various sorts; environmental factors; data. Very few analyses appear to take stock—and in many cases demonstrate much understanding— of how cities work, i.e. the mechanisms and institutional structures through which all the above issues manifest themselves. This course is designed as a historical and theoretical introduction to the basic mechanisms that govern the making and working of cities, which otherwise, given their large variety and unevenness of types, defy any viable ontological definition (hence the title above). Through a series of case studies showing the evolution of these features across the world, successive weeks are designed to take seminar participants through a step-by-step understanding of the functional elements that make up a city: the idea of economic base (entrepots, industry, services, markets, and so on); interest groups; the making of land markets; legal statutes as to property and jurisdiction; the basis of authority; rent gradients (their invention and spread across the world); the political economy of transportation and logistics; fiscal structure and revenue (including zoning); the provenance of projects; security (police, fire and hygiene risks); and the institutional economics of (biopolitical) provision (housing, utilities, schooling, etc.). Students taking the course can expect themselves to be equipped with a technical, if not entirely neutral, grammar that will enable them to assess their interest in issues with the actual mechanics of urban functioning or dysfunctioning, as the case may be.